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Ultimately, it was revealed that cholinergic fibers are present within the subchondral bone of individuals with OA, and the release of acetylcholine (Ach) triggered by vagus nerve stimulation plays a prominent role in combating inflammation across various diseases while also providing pain relief.412 Notably, GLP-1RAs, including exendin-4, have been shown to attenuate microglial activation, resulting in a reduction in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF- and IL-1
GLP1-RAs are large molecules and are unlikely to transfer to breastmilk in large amounts
Conversely, satiety is primarily controlled by anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) neurons in the ARH that project to paraventricular nucleus neurons, resulting in the release -melanocyte-stimulating hormone and a decrease of food intake
Increasing how full you feel after eating (satiety): GLP-1 affects areas of your brain that processes hunger and satiety
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