Tameire, F
NAC may help by supporting antioxidant defenses and reducing oxidative stress, though its effects vary depending on the population and fertility issue being studied.32 In men, one randomized trial found that 600mg of NAC, selenium, or the combination improved semen parameters, with the combination producing stronger effects than either ingredient alone.23 In women undergoing assisted reproduction, NAC has also been studied for oocyte and embryo quality, though this research is still relatively early and not definitive.24 PCOS NAC has attracted particular interest in PCOS, where insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress often overlap.17 Researchers think NAC may help by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing oxidative stress, which may, in turn, support ovulation and reproductive function

A second family, BPC-157 and TB-500, targets tissue repair rather than the GH axis: BPC-157 is proposed to work through angiogenesis, nitric-oxide signaling, and anti-inflammatory activity, while TB-500 binds actin to promote cell migration, blood-vessel formation, and collagen deposition
6 The structurally and functionally diverse co-regulators can activate or repress transcription in a cell state-specific manner