What sets COFs apart is their reliance on reversible covalent chemistry: during synthesis, dynamic bond formation allows for error correction through repeated bond breaking and reformation, ultimately leading to highly ordered structures (136)
[3] This is an animal study, so it demonstrates how probiotics can raise GLP-1 rather than proving a specific weight-loss result in people, but it establishes the pathway cleanly: more of the right bacteria means more butyrate, and more butyrate means more GLP-1
In a randomized controlled trial, individuals who ate higher-fiber carbohydrates with breakfast showed lower blood sugar spikes than those who ate lower-fiber carbohydrates (De Carvalho et al., 2017) and, in turn, sustained satiety for longer
Exploratory subgroup analysis of the whole cohort showed similar overall trends in benefits in rates of acute healthcare utilization, all-cause mortality, and CKD progression but not combined cardiovascular composite event outcome within the GLP1-RA group compared to DPP4i group, although there was treatment effect heterogeneity between several subgroups (Supplementary Fig
