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6.2 Potential pathophysiological mechanisms of gut microbiota and metabolite SCFAs in cytokine abnormalities SCFAs (such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate) activate receptors like FFAR2/3 and Gpr109a and inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC), collectively suppressing the activation of the NF-B signaling pathway, thereby downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (202204)

According to Aren Skolnick, DO, an endocrinologist at Northwell Health, the answer isnt straightforward

[PubMed ID: 21747763]