Notably, based on the 21 trials with 4,062 patients, acarbose (MD 3.42 kg, 95% CrI 4.75 to 2.05) had the most efficacy for weight loss compared with pioglitazone, followed by metformin (2.91, 4.59 to 1.21), placebo (2.43, 3.82 to 1.05), and DPP-4is (2.22, 3.49 to 0.91) (Figures 3MO)
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Experimental observations suggest that it participates in coordinated cellular repair processes by influencing fibroblast activity, modulating angiogenic signaling, and regulating the expression of structural extracellular matrix components such as collagen and elastin