A second hydrogen peroxide molecule acts as a reducing agent to regenerate the resting state enzyme, producing a molecule of oxygen and water.36 Hydrogen peroxide though at low amounts tends to regulate some physiological processes such as signaling in cell proliferation, cell death, carbohydrate metabolism, mitochondrial function, and platelet activation and maintenance of normal thiol redox-balance,37 however, at high concentrations it has been reported to be very deleterious to cells.38 Hence, the ability of CAT to effectively limit H2O2 concentration in cells underlines its importance in the aforementioned physiological processes as well as being a first line antioxidant defense enzyme
Additionally, individuals may experience a dry mouth or skin, increased thirst, and headaches, which are common signs of dehydration that can further exacerbate kidney stress
You should contact your GP or diabetes care team if: Urinary frequency significantly increases or becomes bothersome You experience pain, burning, or discomfort when urinating Urine appears cloudy, bloody, or has a strong odour You develop excessive thirst alongside increased urination You experience symptoms of dehydration (dizziness, dry mouth, dark urine) For urgent but non-emergency concerns, contact NHS 111 for advice
Given these potential complications, there is growing interest in the effectiveness and safety of TSA as an alternative primary treatment