Although this is consistent and mechanistically validated across different preclinical models, as reviewed in the Preclinical and clinical applications of NAD + -modulating interventions for mitochondrial homeostasis and health benefits section, the correspondence between NAD + changes and mitochondrial or metabolic alterations is more complex in human studies
Meydani SN, Barklund MP, Liu S, Meydani M, Miller RA, Cannon JG et al
Cyanocobalamin is indicated for Vitamin B12 deficiencies due to malabsorption which may be associated with the following conditions: Addisonian (pernicious) anemia Gastrointestinal pathology, dysfunction, or surgery, including gluten enteropathy or sprue, small bowel bacterial overgrowth, total or partial gastrectomy Fish tapeworm infestation Malignancy of pancreas or bowel Folic acid deficiency It may be possible to treat the underlying disease by surgical correction of anatomic lesions leading to small bowel bacterial overgrowth, expulsion of fish tapeworm, discontinuation of drugs leading to vitamin malabsorption (see Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions), use of a gluten-free diet in nontropical sprue, or administration of antibiotics in tropical sprue
