The following milestones mark important progress in the consolidated federal litigation: Increased evidentiary standards for gastroparesis claims: Courts require plaintiffs alleging gastroparesis to support claims with objective gastric-emptying tests rather than symptoms alone, raising the bar for admissible medical evidence Daubert hearings on expert testimony: May 2025 hearings will determine whether plaintiffs medical experts can testify about causation potentially decisive rulings that could strengthen or weaken thousands of claims Short-form complaint process adoption: MDL implemented streamlined filing procedures to manage the influx of new cases efficiently while maintaining procedural fairness Monthly status conferences throughout 2025: Regular court meetings ensure ongoing case management and coordination as parties work through challenging scientific and legal issues In September 2025, Judge Marston allowed most plaintiffs claims to proceed after denying defendants motions to dismiss, including accusations that drugmakers failed to warn about gastrointestinal issues and misrepresented safety
Among the NLGN isoforms, NLGN1 is predominantly involved in excitatory synapse structure, transmission, and plasticity, but has minimal effects on inhibitory synapses.While its direct link to ASD remains unclear, alterations in NLGN1 expression may contribute to cognitive impairments through disruptions in synaptic plasticity and learning-related neural circuits (82)
1, 22, 23, 24, 25 In a recent study, researchers suggested that taking oral birth control pills increased oxidative stress (free radicals) and that supplementing with antioxidants Vitamin C and Vitamin E increased the activity of naturally occurring antioxidant glutathione and reduced levels of free radicals
Although the pathogenesis of these liver diseases is complex, both show a similar spectrum of liver pathology that ranges from steatosis (i.e., the buildup of fat) to steatohepatitis (i.e., the inflammatory state), cirrhosis (i.e., the fibrosis/scarring) and hepatocellular carcinoma (Toshikuni et al., 2014)
