To prevent metabolite inter-conversion the ice-cold samples were centrifuged within 15 min of the blood collection and the plasma stored at 80 C until analysis within 2 weeks
It improves energy metabolism, supports post-workout recovery, and can enhance aerobic performance
Any references to skin, collagen, extracellular matrix, or oxidative-stress pathways are provided only for research context and do not imply cosmetic or clinical use
Both probiotics and prebiotics have a variety of biological actions, including outcompeting pathogenic microorganisms in the digestive tract, inactivating harmful metabolites, producing powerful bioactive molecules (short-chain fatty acids), modulating immune and metabolic signaling, improving overall digestive tract function, and enhancing central nervous system effects through the gutbrain axis